Paul-Ehrlich-Institut

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Coronavirus and COVID-19

Research Work

Highlights

Booster Vaccination against COVID-19: Adaptation of Booster Vaccines against Omicron Variants Important for COVID-19 Protection
Antibody Response to Omicron and Other Virus Variants Effectively Replenished after 3rd and 4th COVID-19 Vaccination
Vaccination of Recovered Patients Activates the Immune System against SARS Coronaviruses, but not against common Cold Coronaviruses
Antibodies Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection – New Insights into the Sensitivity and Detection Duration of Antibody Tests
Antibodies from COVID-19-Vaccinated Individuals Recognise Different Spike Protein Structures than Antibodies from SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individuals
Antibody Formation after Vaccination with Different mRNA Vaccines and after COVID-19 Infection
Heterogeneous Design of Studies Hampers Demonstration of Potential Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma as a COVID-19 Therapeutic Agent
Innate Immune System is Barely the Driver of Excessive Immune Reactions in COVID-19
New Vaccine Platform: 'Two-one replicon-and-VLP-minispike Vaccine' against COVID-19
Measure What Fuses – Tissue Damage through Cell Fusion in COVID-19 and the Role of the Spike Protein
COVID-19 Therapy with Convalescent Plasma – Tests for the Identification of Suitable Donor Plasma
Measles Virus Vaccination-based-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine induces Immune Response in Mice and Hamsters
COVID-19: How is Severity of the Disease Related to Antibody Response?
More Flexible than Expected - New Findings on the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2
3D Mapping of Viruses by Electron Microscopy
SARS-CoV-2 Immunogenity at the Crossroads

Publications

Please note: Authors from the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut are highlighted in bold. For online abstracts or full text publications, please follow the links.

Berg P, Heiden M, Müller S, Oberle D, Funk M, Keller-Stanislawski B (2020): SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen und Sicherheit von Blut und Blutkomponenten.
Bulletin zur Arzneimittelsicherheit 11: 17-19.
Text

Börger V, Weiss DJ, Anderson JD, Borràs FE, Bussolati B, Carter DRF, Dominici M, Falcón-Pérez JM, Gimona M, Hill AF, Hoffman AM, de Kleijn D, Levine BL, Lim R, Lötvall J, Mitsialis A, Monguió-Tortajada M, Muraca M, Nieuwland R, Nowocin A, O'Driscoll L, Ortiz LA, Phinney DG, Reischl I, Rohde E, Sanzenbacher R, Théry C, Wei ST, Witwer KW, Lim SK, Giebel B (2020): ISEV and ISCT Statement on EVs From MSCs and Other Cells: Considerations for Potential Therapeutic Agents to Suppress COVID-19.
Cytotherapy 22: 482-485.
Online-Abstract

Corman VM, Rabenau HF, Adams O, Oberle D, Funk MB, Keller-Stanislawski B, Timm J, Drosten C, Ciesek S (2020): SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic and symptomatic patients and risk for transfusion transmission.
Transfusion 60: 1119-1122.
Online-Abstract

Ebenig A, Muraleedharan S, Kazmierski J, Todt D, Auste A, Anzaghe M, Gömer A, Postmus D, Gogesch P, Niles M, Plesker R, Miskey C, Gellhorn Serra M, Breithaupt A, Hörner C, Kruip C, Ehmann R, Ivics Z, Waibler Z, Pfaender S, Wyler E, Landthaler M, Kupke A, Nouailles G, Goffinet C, Brown RJP, Mühlebach MD (2022): Vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory pathology in COVID-19 hamsters after TH2-biased immunization.
Cell Rep 40: 111214.
Online-Abstract

Görgülü E, Gu W, Trebicka J, Mücke VT, Mücke MM, Friedrich-Rust M, Bojunga J, Zeuzem S, Finkelmeier F, Peiffer KH (2022): Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) precipitated by severe alcoholic hepatitis: another collateral damage of the COVID-19 pandemic?.
Gut 71: 1036-1038.
Text

Greinacher A, Thiele T, Warkentin TE, Weisser K, Kyrle PA, Eichinger S (2021): Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination.
N Engl J Med 384: 2092-2101.
Text

Gürtler L, Seitz R, Schramm W (2021): Cerebral venous thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccination: is the risk of thrombosis increased by intravascular application of the vaccine?.
Infection 49: 1071–1074.
Text

Hastert FD, Hein S, von Rhein C, Benz NI, Husria Y, Oberle D, Maier TJ, Hildt E, Schnierle BS (2022): The SARS-CoV-2 Variant Omicron Is Able to Escape Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immune Responses, but Is Counteracted by Booster Vaccination.
Vaccines (Basel) 10: 794.
Text

Hastert FD, Henss L, von Rhein C, Gerbeth J, Wieters I, Borgans F, Khodamoradi Y, Zacharowski K, Rohde G, Vehreschild MJGT, Schnierle B (2022): Longitudinal Analysis of Coronavirus-Neutralizing Activity in COVID-19 Patients.
Viruses 14: 882.
Text

Hein S, Benz NI, Eisert J, Herrlein ML, Oberle D, Dreher M, Stingl JC, Hildt C, Hildt E (2021): Comirnaty-Elicited and Convalescent Sera Recognize Different Spike Epitopes.
Vaccines (Basel) 9: 1419.
Online-Abstract

Hein S, Herrlein ML, Mhedhbi I, Bender D, Haberger V, Benz N, Eisert J, Stingl J, Dreher M, Oberle D, Schulze J, Mache C, Budt M, Hildt C, Wolff T, Hildt E (2022): Analysis of BNT162b2- and CVnCoV-elicited sera and of convalescent sera towards SARS-CoV-2 viruses.
Allergy 77: 2080–2089.
Online-Abstract

Hein S, Mhedhbi I, Zahn T, Sabino C, Benz NI, Husria Y, Renelt PM, Braun F, Oberle D, Maier TJ, Hildt C, Hildt E (2022): Quantitative and Qualitative Difference in Antibody Response against Omicron and Ancestral SARS‐CoV‐2 after Third and Fourth Vaccination.
Vaccines (Basel) 10: 796.
Text

Hein S, Sabino C, Benz NI, Görgülü E, Maier TJ, Oberle D, Hildt E (2023): The fourth vaccination with a non-SARS-CoV-2 variant adapted vaccine fails to increase the breadth of the humoral immune response.
Sci Rep 13: 10820.
Text

Hennrich AA, Sawatsky B, Santos-Mandujano R, Banda DH, Oberhuber M, Schopf A, Pfaffinger V, Wittwer K, Riedel C, Pfaller CK, Conzelmann K (2021): Safe and effective two-in-one replicon-and-VLP minispike vaccine for COVID-19: Protection of mice after a single immunization.
PLoS Pathog 17: e1009064.
Online-Abstract

Henss L, Scholz T, von Rhein C, Wieters I, Borgans F, Eberhardt FJ, Zacharowski K, Ciesek S, Rohde G, Vehreschild M, Stephan C, Wolf T, Hofmann-Winkler H, Scheiblauer H, Schnierle BS (2020): Analysis of humoral immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
J Infect Dis 223: 56-61.
Online-Abstract

Henss L, Auste A, Schürmann C, Schmidt C, von Rhein C, Mühlebach MD, Schnierle BS (2021): The green tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection.
J Gen Virol 102: 001574.
Text

Herrlein ML, Hein S, Zahn T, Mhedhbi I, Raupach J, Husria Y, Benz NI, Eisert J, Bender D, Haberger V, Hastert FD, Henss L, Schnierle BS, Stingl JC, Dreher M, Hildt E (2022): Comparative Investigation of Methods for Analysis of SARS-CoV-2-Spike-Specific Antisera.
Viruses 14: 410.
Text

Hildt E (2022): Übersicht über die in der EU zugelassenen COVID-19-Impfstoffe – von der Technologie über die klinische Prüfung zur Zulassung.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 65: 1237–1243.
Text

Hildt E, Schaade L (2022): Impfungen als Instrument der Pandemiebewältigung.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 65: 1235-1236.
Text

Hörner C, Schürmann C, Auste A, Ebenig A, Muraleedharan S, Dinnon KH, Scholz T, Herrmann M, Schnierle B, Baric RS, Mühlebach MD (2020): A Highly Immunogenic Measles Virus-based Th1-biased COVID-19 Vaccine.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 117: 32657-32666.
Text

Jutel M, Torres MJ, Palomares O, Akdis CA, Eiwegger T, Untersmayr E, Barber D, Zemelka-Wiacek M, Kosowska A, Palmer E, Vieths S, Mahler V, Canonica GW, Nadeau K, Shamji MH, Agache I, EAACI Research and Outreach Committee Group (2022): COVID-19 vaccination in patients receiving allergen immunotherapy (AIT) or biologicals - EAACI recommendations.
Allergy 77: 2313-2336.
Text

Karamloo F, König R (2020): SARS-CoV-2 immunogenicity at the crossroads.
Allergy 75: 1822-1824.
Online-Abstract

Knezevic I, Mattiuzzo G, Page M, Nuebling CM, Griffiths E, Minor P (2022): Complexity of serological assays and misunderstandings of WHO International Units.
Clin Chem Lab Med 60: e223-e224.
Online-Abstract

Kochhar S, Excler JL, Kim D, Robertson JS, Fast PE, Condit RC, Drew S, Wood D, Gurwith M, Klug B, Whelan M, Khuri-Bulos N, Mallett Moore T, Smith ER, Chen RT, Brighton Collaboration Viral Vector Vaccines Safety Working Group (V3SWG) (2020): The Brighton Collaboration standardized template for collection of key information for benefit-risk assessment of inactivated viral vaccines.
Vaccine 38: 6184-6189.
Online-Abstract

Kochhar S, Kim D, Excler JL, Condit RC, Robertson JS, Drew S, Whelan M, Wood D, Fast PE, Gurwith M, Klug B, Khuri-Bulos N, Smith ER, Chen RT, Brighton Collaboration Viral Vector Vaccines Safety Working Group (V3SWG) (2020): The Brighton Collaboration standardized template for collection of key information for benefit-risk assessment of protein vaccines.
Vaccine 38: 5734-5739.
Text

Lasch F, Guizzaro L, Aguirre Dávila L, Müller-Vahl K, Koch A (2021): Potential impact of COVID-19 on ongoing clinical trials: a simulation study with the neurological Yale Global Tic Severity Scale based on the CANNA-TICS study.
Pharm Stat 20: 675-691.
Online-Abstract

HC Lehmann, Oberle D, Keller-Stanislawski B, Rieck T, Streit R (2023): Rare cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination, Germany, December 2020 to August 2021.
Euro Surveill 28: 2200744.
Text

Liu M, Zhou T, Sheets R, Meyer H, Knezevic I (2022): WHO informal consultation on regulatory considerations for evaluation of the quality, safety and efficacy of RNA-based prophylactic vaccines for infectious diseases, 20-22 April 2021.
Emerg Microbes Infect 11: 384-391.
Online-Abstract

Lohse S, Sternjakob-Marthaler A, Lagemann P, Schöpe J, Rissland J, Seiwert N, Pfuhl T, Müllendorff A, Kiefer LS, Vogelgesang M, Vella L, Denk K, Vicari J, Zwick A, Lang I, Weber G, Geisel J, Rech J, Schnabel B, Hauptmann G, Holleczek B, Scheiblauer H, Wagenpfeil S, Smola S (2022): German federal-state-wide seroprevalence study of 1st SARS-CoV-2 pandemic wave shows importance of long-term antibody test performance.
Commun Med (Lond) 2: 52.
Text

Mentzer D, Keller-Stanislawski B (2022): Verdachtsfälle von Nebenwirkungen und Impfkomplikationen nach Impfung mit Comirnaty® bei Kindern im Alter von 5–11 Jahren aus Deutschland: Meldungen an das Paul-Ehrlich-Institut bis zum 03.03.2022.
Bulletin zur Arzneimittelsicherheit 13: 15-21.
Text

Mentzer D, Keller-Stanislawski B (2022): Verdachtsfälle von Nebenwirkungen oder Impfkomplikationen nach Impfung mit den Omikron-adaptierten bivalenten COVID-19-Impfstoffen Comirnaty Original/Omicron BA.1, Comirnaty Original/Omicron BA.4-5, Spikevax bivalent/ Omicron BA.1 (bis 31.10.2022 in Deutschland gemeldet).
Bulletin zur Arzneimittelsicherheit 13: 29-34.
Text

Mentzer D, Oberle B, Streit R, Weisser K, Keller-Stanislawski B (2023): Sicherheitsprofil der COVID-19-Impfstoffe – Sachstand 31.03.2023.
Bulletin zur Arzneimittelsicherheit 14: 12-29.
Text

Meyer H (2021): COVID-19-Impfstoffe – Übersicht über in Europa zugelassene oder im Zulassungsprozess befindliche Impfstofftypen.
Bulletin zur Arzneimittelsicherheit 12: 20-22.
Text

Milne C, Wagner R, Cano F, Bruysters M, Waeterloos G, Pullirsch D, Wierer M, Mallet L (2023): Independent control of COVID-19 vaccines by EU Official Control Authority Batch Release: challenges, strengths and successes.
NPJ Vaccines Feb 23 [Epub ahead of print].
Text

Mönch K, Streit R, Keller-Stanislawski B (2022): Nuvaxovid® – gemeldete Verdachtsfälle von Nebenwirkungen in den ersten drei Monaten seit Beginn der Impfungen mit diesem Impfstoff.
Bulletin zur Arzneimittelsicherheit 13: 27-30.
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Müller-Olling M, Vahlensieck U, Hilger A (2021): Heterogeneity in COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Clinical Trials.
Clin Pharmacol Ther 111: 995-1000.
Text

Niles MA, Gogesch P, Kronhart S, Ortega Iannazzo S, Kochs G, Waibler Z, Anzaghe M (2021): Macrophages and dendritic cells are not the major source of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Front Immunol 12: 647824.
Online-Abstract

Oberle D, Mentzer D, Weber G (2020): Befragung zur Verträglichkeit der Impfstoffe gegen das neue Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) mittels Smartphone-App SafeVac 2.0.
Bulletin zur Arzneimittelsicherheit 11: 27-31.
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Pfaar O, Mahler V (2021): Allergic reactions to COVID-19 -vaccinations - unveiling the secret(s).
Allergy 76: 1621-1623.
Online-Abstract

Puyskens A, Krause E, Michel J, Nübling CM, Scheiblauer H, Bourquain D, Grossegesse M, Valusenko R, Corman VM, Drosten C, Zwirglmaier K, Wölfel R, Lange C, Kramer J, Friesen J, Ignatius R, Müller M, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Emmerich P, Schaade L, Nitsche A (2021): Establishment of a specimen panel for the decentralised technical evaluation of the sensitivity of 31 rapid diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 antigen, Germany, September 2020 to April 2021.
Euro Surveill 26: 2100442.
Online-Abstract

Puyskens A, Bayram F, Sesver A, Michel J, Krause E, Bourquain D, Filomena A, Esser-Nobis K, Steffanowski C, Nübling CM, Scheiblauer H, Schaade L, Nitsche A (2023): Performance of 20 rapid antigen detection tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variants using a clinical specimen panel from January 2022, Berlin, Germany.
Euro Surveill 28: 2200615.
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Richter E, Al Arashi D, Schulte B, Bode C, Marx B, Aldabbagh S, Schlüter C, Kümmerer BM, Oldenburg J, Funk MB, Putensen C, Schmithausen RM, Hartmann G, Eis-Hübinger A, Streeck H (2021): Detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia in Critically Ill Patients, but Not in Mild and Asymptomatic Infections.
Transfus Med Hemother 48: 154-159.
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Sampath V, Rabinowitz G, Shah M, Jain S, Diamant Z, Jesenak M, Rabin R, Jesenak M, Vieths S, Agache I, Akdis M, Barber D, Breiteneder H, Chinthrajah S, Chivato T, Collins W, Eiwegger T, Fast K, Fokkens W, O'Hehir RE, Ollert M, O'Mahony L, Palomares O, Pfaar O, Riggioni C, Shamji MH, Sokolowska M, Jose Torres M, Traidl-Hoffmann C, van Zelm M, Wang Y, Zhang L (2021): Vaccines and allergic reactions: The past, the current COVID-19 pandemic, and future perspectives.
Allergy 76: 1640-1660.
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Scheiblauer H, Filomena A, Nitsche A, Puyskens A, Corman VM, Drosten C, Zwirglmaier K, Lange C, Emmerich P, Müller M, Knauer O, Nübling CM (2021): Comparative sensitivity evaluation for 122 CE-marked rapid diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 antigen, Germany, September 2020 to April 2021.
Euro Surveill 26: 2100441.
Text

Scheiblauer H, Nübling CM, Wolf T, Khodamoradi Y, Bellinghausen C, Sonntagbauer M, Esser-Nobis K, Filomena A, Mahler V, Maier TJ, Stephan C (2022): Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 for more than one year − kinetics and persistence of detection are predominantly determined by avidity progression and test design.
J Clin Virol 146: 105052.
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Schramm W, Seitz R, Gürtler L (2020): COVID-19-associated coagulopathy - Hypothesis: Are Children protected due to enhanced thrombin inhibition by higher α2 -Macroglobulin (α2-M)?.
J Thromb Haemost 18: 2416-2418.
Online-Abstract

Sediri-Schön H, Lange J, Grabski E, Wagner R, Hildt E (2022): Chargenprüfung als wesentliche Säule der Versorgung mit sicheren und wirksamen Impfstoffen.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 65: 1244-1250.
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Seitz R, Gürtler L, Schramm W (2021): COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma: No Definite Answer Yet.
J Blood Lymph 11: 265.
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Seitz R, Gürtler L, Schramm W (2021): Thromboinflammation in COVID-19: Can α2-Macroglobulin Help to Control the Fire?.
J Thromb Haemost 19: 351-354.
Online-Abstract

Seitz R, Gürtler L, Vahlensieck U, Hilger A, Schramm W (2023): Too Early to Abandon Convalescent Plasma for Supportive Treatment of COVID-19.
Transufs Med Hemother 50: 1-3.
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Seitz R, Schramm W (2020): DIC in COVID-19: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment?.
J Thromb Haemost 18: 1798-1799.
Online-Abstract

Sokolowska M, Eiwegger T, Ollert M, Torres MJ, Barber D, Del Giacco S, Jutel M, Nadeau KC, Palomares O, Rabin RL, Riggioni C, Vieths S, Agache T, Shamji MH (2021): EAACI statement on the diagnosis, management and prevention of severe allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines.
Allergy 76: 1629-1639.
Online-Abstract

Srivastav S, Dankov A, Adanalic M, Grzeschik R, Tran V, Pagel-Wieder S, Gessler F, Spreitzer I, Scholz T, Schnierle B, Anastasiou OE, Dittmer U, Schlücker S (2021): Rapid and Sensitive SERS-Based Lateral Flow Test for SARS-CoV2-Specific IgM/IgG Antibodies.
Anal Chem 93: 12391-12399.
Online-Abstract

Stoliaroff-Pepin A, Peine C, Herath T, Lachmann J, Perriat D, Dörre A, Nitsche A, Michel J, Grossegesse M, Hofmann N, Rinner T, Kohl C, Brinkmann A, Meyer T, Dorner BG, Stern D, Treindl F, Hein S, Werel L, Hildt E, Gläser S, Schühlen H, Isner C, Peric A, Ghouzi A, Reichardt A, Janneck M, Lock G, Schaade L, Wichmann O, Harder T (2023): Effectiveness of vaccines in preventing hospitalization due to COVID-19: A multicenter hospital-based case-control study, Germany, June 2021 to January 2022.
Vaccine 41: 290-293.
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Theuerkauf SA, Michels A, Riechert V, Maier TJ, Flory E, Cichutek K, Buchholz CJ (2021): Quantitative Assays Reveal Cell Fusion at Minimal Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Fusion-from-Without.
iScience 24: 102170.
Online-Abstract

Thiele T, Weisser K, Schönborn L, Funk MB, Weber G, Greinacher A, Keller-Stanislawski K (2022): Laboratory confirmed vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: Retrospective analysis of reported cases after vaccination with ChAdOx-1 nCoV-19 in Germany.
Lancet Reg Health Eur 12: 100270.
Online-Abstract

Turonova B, Sikora M, Schürmann C, Hagen WJH, Welsch S, Blanc FEC, Bülow von S, Gecht M, Bagola K, Hörner C, van Zandbergen G, Mosalaganti S, Schwarz A, Covino R, Mühlebach MD, Hummer G, Krijnse Locker J, Beck M (2020): In situ structural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike reveals flexibility mediated by three hinges.
Science 370: 203-208.
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von Rhein C, Scholz T, Henss L, Kronstein-Wiedemann R, Schwarz T, Rodionov RN, Corman VM, Tonn T, Schnierle BS (2021): Comparison of potency assays to assess SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody capacity in COVID-19 convalescent plasma.
J Virol Methods 288: 114031.
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Wagner R, Hildt E, Grabski E, Sun Y, Meyer H, Lommel A, Keller-Stanislawski B, Müller-Berghaus J, Cichutek K (2021): Accelerated Development of COVID-19 Vaccines: Technology Platforms, Benefits, and Associated Risks.
Vaccines (Basel) 9: 747.
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Wagner R, Meißner J, Grabski E, Sun Y, Vieths S, Hildt E (2022): Regulatory concepts to guide and promote the accelerated but safe clinical development and licensure of COVID-19 vaccines in Europe.
Allergy 77: 72-82.
Online-Abstract

Weisser K, Kling K, Huth C, Keller-Stanislawski B, Mahler V (2021): Was ist bei positiver Allergieanamnese vor einer Impfung gegen COVID-19 zu beachten?.
Bulletin zur Arzneimittelsicherheit 12: 23-26.
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Zahn T, Mhedhbi I, Hein S, Raupach J, Miskey C, Husria Y, Bayanga K, Bartel D, Vieths S, Ivics Z, Oberle D, Keller-Stanislawski K, Herrlein ML, Maier TJ, Hildt E (2022): Persistence of infectious SARS-CoV-2 particles for up to 37 days in patients with mild COVID-19.
Allergy 77: 2053-2066.
Online-Abstract

Content

  1. Role of the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut
  2. COVID-19 Vaccines
  3. Proof of vaccination within the meaning of the Infection Protection Act (IfSG)
  4. FAQ Coronavirus
  5. Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines
  6. Research Work
  7. SARS-CoV-2 Test Systems